Which of the following correctly lists factors affecting reaction rates?

The factors that affect reaction rates include concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst. Each of these factors plays a significant role in influencing how quickly a reaction occurs.

Concentration affects the rate of reaction because when there are more reactant particles in a given volume, there is a higher probability of collisions between them, leading to more frequent reactions. Pressure primarily impacts reactions involving gases, where increasing pressure effectively increases the concentration of gas molecules, thereby accelerating the rate of reaction. Surface area is particularly relevant in solid reactants; smaller pieces or powders have a greater surface area exposed to reactants, which facilitates more collisions and speeds up the rate of reaction. Temperature is another critical factor as increasing the temperature raises the energy of the particles, causing them to collide more frequently and with greater intensity, which typically increases reaction rates. Lastly, catalysts lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, which enables the reaction to proceed at a faster rate without undergoing permanent changes themselves.

The other choices are less comprehensive or include incorrect factors. While temperature and catalyst are relevant, options that mention only volume, container size, or reactant type do not encompass all of the primary factors affecting reaction rates.