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The use of chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet light as sterilising agents for water treatment is well-supported by their effectiveness in killing or inactivating harmful microorganisms.
Chlorine is widely used because it is highly effective at disinfecting water and has a residual effect, meaning it continues to kill pathogens even after initial treatment. This makes it an easy choice for municipal water supplies to ensure safety as the water travels through pipes.
Ozone is also a powerful oxidising agent that is effective in eliminating bacteria and viruses. It is known for its rapid action compared to chlorine and does not leave a chemical residue in the water, making it a good option for water treatment systems that prioritize taste and purity.
Ultraviolet (UV) light works by damaging the DNA of organisms, leading to their inactivation. It is a physical method of disinfection, ensuring that no chemical substances are introduced into the water. UV treatment is very effective against a wide range of pathogens and is increasingly becoming popular in various settings.
Other combinations, such as iodine or bromine, though they can have disinfecting properties, are not as commonly employed in large-scale water treatment as the three mentioned. Thus, the combination of chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet light represents a versatile and effective