What is the primary function of DNA?

The primary function of DNA is to encode genetic instructions for living organisms. DNA contains the sequences of nucleotides that form genes, which serve as templates for the synthesis of proteins. These proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. By encoding the information necessary for building and maintaining an organism, DNA ensures that the inherited traits can be passed from one generation to the next, making it fundamental to the process of heredity.

In contrast, DNA does not function as a structural component of cells, which would involve materials like proteins or lipids instead. It also does not provide energy for living cells, as energy is typically derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in metabolic processes. Furthermore, while some nucleic acids can have roles in catalyzing biochemical reactions, DNA itself does not catalyze reactions but rather serves as the blueprint for the enzymes that do.