What is the main purpose of using a catalyst in the Haber process?

In the Haber process, which synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, a catalyst is primarily used to reduce the reaction time required to reach equilibrium. Catalysts function by providing an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy. This allows the reaction to proceed more quickly, enabling the system to achieve equilibrium at a faster rate without affecting the overall yield of ammonia.

While the catalyst does not change the position of equilibrium or alter the amounts of reactants and products present at equilibrium, it does enhance the rate at which the equilibrium is approached. As a result, the use of a catalyst is crucial in industrial processes, such as the Haber process, where efficiency and speed are important for economic viability.