What is required for steam cracking?

Steam cracking is a process used in the petrochemical industry to break down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules, such as ethylene and propylene. The process involves heating the hydrocarbons to a high temperature in the presence of steam. The role of steam is crucial because it helps to prevent the formation of soot and increases the yield of valuable products by facilitating the cracking reaction.

The specific temperature of about 550°C is a critical factor in steam cracking, as it provides the necessary energy to break the strong chemical bonds within the hydrocarbons. At this temperature, the process is efficient, leading to the desired fragmentation of the molecules. Heating without the presence of steam would lead to different reactions and potentially lower yields of the target products.

In this context, the correct choice emphasizes the need for both high temperature and steam to effectively carry out the steam cracking process. This combination creates optimal conditions for breaking down the hydrocarbons while maximizing product efficiency.