What does Le Chatelier's principle predict?

Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change and restore a new balance. This means that when factors such as concentration, temperature, or pressure are altered, the system will respond by shifting in a direction that reduces the effect of that disturbance. For example, if the concentration of a reactant is increased, the system will shift to produce more products in order to reduce that concentration. This principle is essential in understanding how reactions can be controlled and optimized in various chemical processes.

The other options do not accurately reflect the essence of Le Chatelier's principle. Irreversible reactions do not reach an equilibrium state where shifts can occur in response to changes. Additionally, the principle does not predict the duration of reaching equilibrium, as this is influenced by kinetics rather than equilibrium conditions. Finally, while Le Chatelier's principle may provide insight into how to maximize yields by manipulating conditions, it does not define the maximum yield itself, which is determined by thermodynamic considerations and not by shifting equilibria.