How is coal formed?

Coal formation occurs primarily from the remains of ancient plant material, primarily in swampy, low-lying wetland areas. Over millions of years, dead plant material accumulates and is buried under layers of mud and sediment. The conditions in these wetland areas, especially the presence of water, create an anaerobic environment that slows down the decay process. As layers of sediment build up, pressure and heat transform the accumulated plant matter into peat and eventually into coal through a process called carbonization.

The choice pertaining to trees in wetland areas under flooding conditions is correct because it accurately reflects the environment conducive to the formation of coal. Flooding helps preserve plant material by limiting oxygen exposure, which helps in the development of peat deposits that are essential for coal formation.

In contrast, the other options involve conditions that do not favor coal formation. For instance, high temperatures in dry areas may lead to rapid decay rather than preservation of plant material. Underwater volcanic activity does not result in the accumulation of plant matter needed for coal. Additionally, oceanic organisms generally decompose quickly and remain in aquatic environments, thus not contributing to the terrestrial deposits that lead to coal formation. Therefore, the wetland environment described is key to the genesis of coal, making it the