How do greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere?

Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere primarily through their ability to absorb heat radiated from the Earth's surface. When sunlight reaches the Earth, it is absorbed and then re-radiated as infrared energy, or heat. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, capture this infrared radiation and then re-release energy in all directions, including back towards the Earth. This process effectively traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in temperature—a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.

This mechanism is crucial for maintaining the overall temperature of the planet, allowing for a climate that supports various forms of life. While other options may mention processes that involve sunlight or atmospheric conditions, they do not accurately describe the primary role of greenhouse gases in warming the atmosphere.